Using a consistent citation style helps other people find your references more easily and makes you look like a smart researcher.

Different disciplines use different citation styles - this is part of what distinguishes them as a unique scholarly community.

You will need to cite your references in the Journal of Animal Science style.  You can find the journal's citation guidelines in the Word document attached below. The journal provides some examples of journal citations. In addition, here are some quick and simple examples for journal articles. Note: A JAS-formatted Literature Cited section must be organized in alphabetical order by the first author's last name.

Journal Articles:

Ahn, J.H., B.M. Robertson, R. Elliott, R.C. Gutteridge, and C.W. Ford. 1989. Quality assessment of tropical browse legumes: Tannin content and protein degradation. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 27:147-156. doi:10.1016/S0377-8401(99)00103-0.

Nakamura, T., T.J. Klopfenstein, and R.A. Britton. 1994. Evaluation of acid detergent insoluble nitrogen as an indicator of protein quality in nonforage proteins. J. Anim. Sci. 72:1043–1048.

Websites:

Center for Veterinary Medicine. 2014. FDA issues warning letters for unapproved Omeprazole drugs marketed for use in horses. http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/NewsEvents/CVMUpdates/ucm422694.htm. (Accessed 18 February 2015.)

Katz, E. 2017. Feeding for urinary and kidney health. Feline Nutrition Foundation. https://feline-nutrition.org/health/diet-kidney-disease-and-the-urinary-tract (Accessed 1 June 2018.)

PetCoach. Protein requirements for good nutrition. https://www.petcoach.co/article/protein-requirements-for-good-nutrition-1/ (Accessed 1 June 2018.)

Books:

Donham, K. J., and A. Thelin. 2016. Agricultural medicine: Rural occupational and environmental health, safety, and prevention. 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ.

Book Chapters:

Czarick, M., and B. D. Fairchild. 2008. Poultry housing for hot climates. In: N. J. Daghir, editor, Poultry production in hot climates. CABI, Cambridge, MA.

Journal Title Abbreviations:

To get the official journal abbreviations, go to the National Library of Medicine catalog: 

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/journals

Enter your journal title and look for either the ISO abbreviation or the NLM abbreviation (either of these should be close to the top of the page).

Need more help on how to cite an article in JAS style? Here is an example article citation with explanations about each piece of the citation below:

Authors - The first author must be written in this format - Last Name, First Initials. The following authors are listed First Initials. Last Name. Use "and", not an & before the last author's name.

Year Published - Just include the year (no month or day); don't use parentheses

Article Title - JAS style uses sentence case for article titles meaning that only the first letter of the article title is capitalized. Some exceptions are - if there are proper nouns or acronyms in the title, or if there is a colon in the title - in that case capitalize the first letter after the colon.

Journal Name - JAS uses journal abbreviations for journal titles that are longer than one word. You can look up your journal abbreviations here: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/journals Note - not all journals have abbreviations, if you look a journal up and it is not in the list, either don't abbreviate it or make your best guess about an abbreviation based on other abbreviations you have seen. Do not italicize the Journal Name.

Journal Volume - The volume indicates how many times the journal is published each year. The number is followed by a colon.

Page Number(s) - Include the full page range. Typically, this will look something like this - 6-18. However, many articles are now only published electronically and include only one electronic number like the one in the example above.

DOI - JAS requires that the DOI (digital object identifier) should be included (when available), this is usually found on the first page of the article or on the search result itself in the database. Some older articles don't include a DOI, but almost all current articles should have a DOI.

Overall style - the colors were used just to help show the different parts of the citation. Use black font for your citations.

Need more help citing a website in JAS style? Here is an example website citation with explanations about each piece of the citation below:

Authors - The first author must be written in this format - Last Name, First Initials. The following authors are listed First Initials. Last Name. Use "and", not an & before the last author's name. If there isn't a person's name listed on the website, the organization that sponsored the website is the author instead. For example, FDA, USDA, AVMA, PETA, or the Feline Nutrition Foundation.

Year Published - Just include the year (no month or day); don't use parentheses. If there isn't a date on the website, don't include a year and just move to the website title.

Website Title - JAS style uses sentence case for website titles meaning that only the first letter of the website title is capitalized. Some exceptions are - if there are proper nouns or acronyms in the title, or if there is a colon in the title - in that case capitalize the first letter after the colon.

Website Sponsor - If your website has both an author (a person), and a larger group listed on the site, include the name of the sponsoring group after the website title.

URL - Include the full URL (or web address) of the website you used.

Accessed - Include the date you visited the page. Write the day, followed by the month, then the year. Enclose this information in parentheses.

Overall style - the colors were used just to help show the different parts of the citation. Use black font for your citations.

Need more help citing a book in JAS style? Here is an example book citation with explanations about each piece of the citation below:

Authors - The first author must be written in this format - Last Name, Initials. The following authors are listed First Initials. Last Name. Use "and", not an & before the last author's name. Note - if this is a book chapter, the editors' names are listed separately.

Year Published - Just include the year (no month or day); don't use parentheses

Book Title - JAS style uses sentence case for book titles meaning that only the first letter of the title is capitalized. The exception is if there is a colon in the title - in that case capitalize the first letter after the colon.

Edition - If multiple editions of the book have been published over time, include the number of the edition, e.g., 1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc...If only one edition of the book have been published, you do not need to include edition information.

Publisher - The name of the company that published the book. Write the name the same way the company does, e.g., including &s, capital letters, or abbreviations.

Place Published - Include the city and the state where the book was published. Use the state's two-letter abbreviation just with a period at the end. If the book was published in another country, include the city and country name instead, e.g., London, England.

Overall style - the colors were used just to help show the different parts of the citation. Use black font for your citations.