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TRAL 351: Outdoor Recreation Management on Public Lands

APA CITATION BASICS

The OWL (Online Writing Lab) website from Purdue University provides some great examples of citing in APA style.

There are certain basic things you need to cite just about any source, using just about any format:

The AUTHOR (or creator) of the work.  This may be one person, many people, or a group or organization.
The TITLE OF THE WORK itself.  For example, the article title, the book title, the chapter title, etc.
The JOURNAL or the PUBLISHER or the ORGANIZATION RESPONSIBLE FOR THE CONTENT.  For an article, include the name of the specific magazine or journal.  For a book, the publishing house. For a website/webpage, include individual authors, if they are noted. Otherwise include the organization name.
The PUBLICATION DATE.
Certain things must be included for specific types of works.  For example, you would provide page numbers for an article or a book chapter.  For a website, you would provide the URL.

The moment when you are most likely to have easy access to all of this information?  When you find it in the first place.  Know then what you need to take note of to cite it effectively later.

CITING BOOKS, BOOK CHAPTERS, JOURNAL ARTICLES, AND TECHNICAL REPORTS

  • Book

  • Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of the book. Publisher.
  • McKinney, M. L., & Schoch, R. M. (2014). Environmental science: Systems and solutions. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
  • Book Chapter: Provide the author(s) of the chapter, publication year, title of the chapter, editors of the book, book title (italicized), page range of the chapter, publisher, and DOI or URL if available.

    • Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the chapter. In E. E. Editor (Ed.), Book Title (pp. xx–xx). Publisher. DOI or URL (if available for online books)
  • Journal Article: Include the author(s), publication year, article title, journal name (italicized), volume number (italicized), issue number (in parentheses, if available), and page range of the article. 

    • Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of the article. Journal Name, volume(issue), page range. DOI (if available online)

  • Technical Report: 
    • Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of the report (Report No. 123). Publisher. URL (if available online)
      Example:

    • Long, J. W., Walsh, D., Coppoletta, M., Tompkins, R. E., Meyer, M. D., Isbell, C., Bohlman, G. N., & North, M. P. (2023). Interventions to restore wildfire-altered forests in California. https://research.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/66673

  • In APA style:

    • Italicize the titles of books, journals, and technical reports. 
    • Do not italicize the titles of journal articles or book chapters.

WEBSITE CITATION: WHAT INFORMATION DO I NEED?

The basic format for a website citation in APA style is as follows (please follow the guidance from the APA Style Blog entry about when to use Format Description).

Author, A. (Day Month Year). Title of website [Format description]. Retrieved from http://URL

OR

Organization(s) Responsible for the Content. (Day Month Year). Title of the website [Format description]. Retrieved from http://URL

Example Citation:

Oregon Parks and Recreation: Western Snowy Plover. (n.d.). Retrieved [the date you accessed the website, e.g. November 5, 2024], from https://www.oregon.gov/oprd/PCB/Pages/PCB-plovers.aspx

So where do you find this information on the webpage? See the image below for one example.

Note that there is no date or last updated date provided for this website, so that is why "(n.d.)" is used instead of publication date. 

Also note that the "author" of the webpage, or the individual or organization responsible for its creation is not listed. To find who is responsible, I clicked on the Oregon State Parks logo and discovered that it is "Oregon Parks and Recreation".