Learning how to read academic literature, both articles and books, takes practices. Here are some tips to help you become a more focused reader:
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Mind mapping is a popular way to brainstorm about your topic or to take notes about an article or presentation. Start with the main topic in the center and then think of a variety of related subtopics that you want to explore. Mind maps allow you to be flexible and to see alternative ideas you may not initially have considered.
You can either use paper and pencil or you can use a variety of free or commercial products to create mind maps. See some suggested options below. (This mind map was made with the free version of XMind.)
Some of us think in a more linear way and find it useful to enter notes in tables rather than in mind or concept maps. This table is one illustration of what types of information you can gather from the articles or books that you read. If this table is helpful, you can download the handout version linked above.
One way to think about writing a literature review is as a dialogue between authors who have previously written about various aspects of your topic. You will create this dialog by discussing the agreements and disagreements between those authors, and you will illustrate what they have not yet talked about or researched.
Use this illustration not as an exact recipe for how to write, but as a guide for how to incorporate some of these writing strategies.
Need more writing help? Try the OSU Writing Center. In addition to providing free help, particularly with brainstorming and organization, they also have writing assistants who are specifically trained to work with graduate students. Plan ahead as it can often take several sessions to work through something as major as a thesis writing project.
Citation management software makes it easy for you to:
Zotero is a free tool you can use with almost any browser that collects, manages, and cites research sources. It's easy to use and lives in your web browser where you do your work. Zotero allows you to attach PDFs, notes and images to your citations, organize them into collections (or groups you can share with collaborators) for different projects, and create bibliographies using Word (for Mac or Windows), Google Docs, or OpenOffice.
Learn more about Zotero by clicking on and watching the Intro to Zotero video above, going through this step-by-step guide or come to a Zotero workshop led by OSU librarians either online or in-person (see schedule).
